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Arch. argent. pediatr ; 112(1): 26-32, feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708462

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La tos ferina o coqueluche continúa siendo una importante causa de morbimortalidad en los menores de un año. Objetivos. Describir el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de Bordetella pertussis, y analizar los factores asociados a la confrmación por PCR y la letalidad. Materiales y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de cohorte realizado entre diciembre de 2003 y diciembre de 2011. Se incluyeron niños asistidos en el Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez con sospecha de padecer la enfermedad. Se estudiaron los factores asociados a confrmación por PCR y letalidad mediante riesgo relativo (RR) con intervalo del 95%. Resultados. Se incluyeron 620 pacientes con una positividad del 38% (236/620), 3 casos se confrmaron por nexo. Los confrmados (239) presentaron un patrón estacional de septiembre a febrero, una mediana de edad de 3 meses, y 89%, menos de tres dosis de vacuna. El 86% se internaron: la mediana de estadía fue de 7 días. Un 99% de los pacientes eran eutrófcos, 98% inmunocompetentes y 17,5% requirieron cuidados intensivos. Se analizó la clínica en 480 pacientes. El 38% (184) tuvieron PCR positiva y presentaron: 96,2% tos, 76,5% tos paroxística, 57,9% cianosis, 55,7% difcultad respiratoria, 29% febre, 22,4% apnea, 21,9% vómitos postusígenos. El análisis multivariado identifcó, como predictores independientes asociados a la confrmación de coqueluche por PCR: tos paroxística (OR 2,52: 1,50 a 4,22; p= 0,000) y leucocitosis al ingre s a r ≥20 000 glóbulos blancos/ mm³ (OR 7,96: 4,82 a 13,17; p= 0,000); haber presentado febre disminuyó la probabilidad de obtener un resultado de PCR positivo (OR 0,47: 0,29 a 0,77; p = 0,003). La letalidad en los pacientes internados fue de 6,8%. Una leucocitosis ≥ 30 000 glóbulos blancos/mm³ fue un predictor de letalidad (RR 6,7: 1,88 a 23,9; p= 0,001). Conclusiones. Los casos confirmados correspondieron, en su mayoría, a menores de un año antes sanos y que no habían completado el esquema de vacunación primario. La tos paroxística y la leucocitosis se asociaron al diagnóstico por PCR, mientras que la leucocitosis fue un predictor de mortalidad.


Introduction. Pertussis or whooping cough continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants younger than 1 year old. Objectives. To describe the clinical and epidemiological profle of Bordetella pertussis and to analyze the factors associated with confrmation by PCR and case fatality rate. Material and Methods. Prospective, cohort study conducted between December 2003 and December 2011. The study included children seen at the Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez suspected of pertussis. The factors associated with confrmation by PCR and the case fatality rate by relative risk (RR) with a 95% confdence interval were studied. Results. Six hundred and twenty patients with a 38% of positive cases (236/620) were included, 3 cases were confrmed by epidemiological link. Confrmed cases (239) showed a seasonal pattern from September through February, a median age of 3 months old, and 89% had received less than three vaccine doses. Eighty six percent of patients were hospitalized: their median length of stay was 7 days. A total of 99% of patients were eu-trophic, 98% were immunocompetent and 17.5% required intensive care. The clinical presentation was analyzed in 480 patients. Of them, 38% (184) had a positive PCR result and their symptoms were: 96.2%, cough; 76.5%, paroxysmal cough; 57.9% cyanosis; 55.7%, respiratory distress; 29%, fever; 22.4%, apnea; 21.9%, vomiting after coughing. A multivariate analysis identifed the following as independent predictors associated with confrmation of pertussis by PCR: paroxysmal cough (OR 2.52: 1.50-4.22; p= 0.000) and leu-kocytosis upon admission >20 000 white blood cells/mm³ (OR 7.96: 4.82-13.17; p= 0.000); having developed fever reduced the chance of having a positive PCR result (OR 0.47: 0.29-0.77; p= 0.003). The case fatality rate for hospitalized patients was 6.8%. Leukocytosis >30 000 white blood cells/mm3 was a predictor of fatality (RR 6.7: 1.88-23.9; p= 0.001). Conclusions. Confrmed cases were mostly infants younger than 1 year old who were healthy before and who had not completed their primary immunization schedule. Paroxysmal cough and leukocytosis were associated with PCR diagnosis, while leukocytosis was a predictor of mortality.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Whooping Cough/epidemiology , Hospitals, Pediatric , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Whooping Cough/diagnosis
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